Internal-combustion motor.



J. F. CULLIN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 21, 1912.

1,077,811, Patented N0v.4,1913.

3 SHEETSSHEET l.

@uuaMo o W JWWFCLLMUL J. 1?. GULLIN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21, 1912.

Patented Nov. 4, 1913.

3 SHEETSSHEBT 2.

Swwwto'a 294mm I I v 6 0 JASPER F. GULLIN, OF CLINTON, MICHIGAN.

inrnnnan-connusrion moron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 21, 1912. Serial No. 705,066.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, JASPER F. CULLIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Clinton, in the county of Lenawee and State of Michigan, have invented new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion motors, the object in view being to provide a practical, reliable and eflicient twocycle motor, in which an auxiliary piston is used for scavenging and'chargingthe cylinder, said auxiliary piston being arranged and operatingin such manner as to effect a thorough exhaust of the burnt gases from the exhaust port, and at the same time suck in a full and complete charge of fresh gas, preparatory to the next explosion.

By-means of the construction, hereinafter described, all puppet valves at the usual places are entirely dispensed with, and the charging and exhausting of the cylinder is controlled entirely by the movement of the piston, by means of; which the ports are covered and uncovered at the proper times. Furthermore, all of the mechanism by which the intake and exhaust gases are controlled 3'0 is included entirely within the body and cylinder of the engine, thus making the engine effectively silent in operation.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the construction, combination and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter more fully described,

, illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

and pointed out in the claims hereunto appended. 1 I

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical section through an internal combustion motor, embodying the present invention, showing the position assumed by the parts at the moment of ignition. Fig. 2 is a similar view, showing the position of the pistons just before the opening of the intake and exhaust ports. showing the position occupied by the pistons when the inlet and exhaust ports are fully open. Fig. 4 is a similar view, showing the position of the main piston just after the intake and exhaust ports are closed, and also illustrating the simultaneous position of the auxiliary piston, after'it-has fully exhausted the burnt gases from thecylinder. Fig. 5

5 is a section taken at right angles tothe other Fig. 3 is a similar view,

views, and illustrating the parts in the same position shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a cross section through the cylinder and auxiliary piston on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section through the crank case on the line 77 of Fig. 5, looking downwardly. 7

Referring now to the drawings, 1 designates the crank case of the motor, in which is mounted the crank shaft 2, carrying the connecting rod 3 which is attached in the usual manner by a wrist pin 4 to the main piston 5,

The cylinder, represented at 6, is in the main 0 the ordinary construction, being provided with the usual water jacket 7, and being further provided at suitable points with the inlet port 8' and exhaust port 9.

The head 10 of the cylinder is provided with an inwardly projecting cylindrical extension 11 which sets well down into the cylinder, as shown in the drawings, and is provided adjacent to its lower edge with an expansion ring 12 to provide the necessary compression. The cylinder head is further provided with a spark plug hole 13, in which any suitable spark plug 14 may be screwed.

Mounted to reciprocate within the cylinder is the piston 5, the 'upperportion of which is extended in the form of a hollow cylindrical sleeve or valve extension 15. This sleeve works up and down in the space between the cylindrical extension 11 of the head, and the inner wall of the cylinder itself, and is provided with an inlet port 16 and exhaust port 17, the said ports 16 and 17 like the ports 8 and 9 being of considerable lateral or horizontal extent, while comparatively narrow in height. The lower portion of the piston 5 is preferably solid, as shown in the drawings, and is provided. with one or more expansion rings 18 to provide the necessary compression.

Mounted to reciprocate within the extension 15 of the main piston is an auxiliary piston 19 provided with an opening or passage 20 extending therethrough and termimating in a valve seat 21, against which operates an auxiliary piston check valve 22. The auxiliary piston 19 is carried by a tubular Stem 23 which passes through an 0 ening 24 in the main piston 5, and is attac ed, at its lower end, to across head 25. This cross head is mounted at its opposite ends to reciprocate on parallel guides 26in the form Patented Nov. 4, 1913.

of rods, extending within the crank case and secured terminally to the top and bottom of said crank case. The cross head 25, as well as the stem 23 and auxiliary piston 19, are

. normally pressed upward by means of coiled 7 on the crank shaft 2, and provided with a heart-shaped cam way 29, which works in conjunction with a roller 30 journaled on a stud 31 on the cross head 25. It will be understood that the cam 28 acts to move the cross head 25downward, whereas the springs 27 act to thrust the cross head upward. after the roller 30 is released by the cam 28.

The valve 22 is provided with a stem 32' which extends downward Within the tubular stem or rod 23, and has connected to its lower end a valve seating spring 33 which acts to hold. the valve normally closed, but yields to permit said valve to move open to allow thefresh gas to pass from the space beneath the auxiliary valve into the space above the same.

In order to "lubricate the wallsin which the sleeve 15 moves up and down, an oil pipe e 34 leads from said space downward to t oil supply in the crank case, and said pipe is preferably provided-at a. suitable point with a check valve 35, and also with a regulating cock 36, by means of which the oil may be allowed to pass to said space and prevented from being sucked backward. It will now be observed that the sleeve or extension 15, in working up and down in the space between the inner wall of the cylinder and the extension 11, acts in the capacity of a pump, sucking oil through the lubricating pipe 34 in a sufficient quantity, regulated by the stop cock 36, to provide ample lubrication for the contacting surfaces at such point. Furthermore, it will be seen that the walls so lubricated are above the explosion space of the cylinder, and therefore not subjected to the high degree of heat which is ordinarily found in the cylinder head.

In describing the operation of the engine, we will begin with the parts arranged, as shown in Fig. 1. With the pistons at this point, the ignition takes place, driving both pistons from the position shown in Fig. 1

inward to the point shown in Fig. 2, at which point the intake and exhaust ports begin, to register. In moving slightly furtherinwardto the extreme limit of movement, shown in Fig. 3, the inlet and exhaust ports are fully opened. At this time, the auxiliary piston 19 starts to move outward,

and in such outward movement, the burnt gases above the auxiliary piston 19 are orced outward through the exhaust ports 9 and 17. At the same time, a fresh charge of gas is sucked inward through the ports 8 and 16, and the main piston 5 then begins to move upward, and upon reaching the position shown in Fig. 4, the inlet and exhaust ports are both closed, the auxiliary piston having reached its outermost position and having thoroughly exhausted the burnt gases from the cylinder. The main piston then moves outward from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 1, forcing the fresh gas ahead of. it, through the auxiliary piston 19,"past the valve 22,.and int the combustion space in the head of the cylinder. As the main piston 5 moves outward, the cam 28 acts on the cross head 25 to draw the auxiliary piston inward again from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 1. In this way, all of the fresh gas is forced past the valve 22 and compressed by the main piston, in the combustion space above or beyond the auxiliary piston 19. This brings all of the parts back to the position shown in Fig. 1 ready for the following ignition and explosion.

' As a result of the construction and operation hereinabove described, a perfect scavenging of the cylinder of all burnt gases is eflected, in a two-cycle engine. A larger volume of fresh gas is drawn into the cylinder by reason of the auxiliary piston having a longer stroke than the main or power piston. The motor is silent in operation, due to the fact that there are no puppet valves arranged exteriorly of the motor, the only valve of such nature being the one associated with the auxiliary piston, and this being located within the cylinder, and also within the cylinder extension of the main piston. Furthermore, by reason of the arrangement described, a practically gas-tight construction results. Furthermore, a quick opening and maximum dwell for both the intake and exhaust ports is accomplished, and the result is obtained without the use of gears, chains, or other driving mechanism or elements outside of the crank shaft.

What is claimed is:

1. In a two-cycle internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston having an outwardly projecting valve sleeve embracing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and valve sleeve being provided with registering inlet and exhaust ports, and an auxiliary scavenging and charging plston working 1n the main iston.

2. a two-cycle internal combustlon motor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston having an outwardly projecting valve sleeve embracing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and valve sleeve being provided with registering inlet jecting valvesleeve embracing said cylindricylinder, a piston havin cal extension, the cylinder and valve sleeve being provided with registering inlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliary piston working in the main piston and actuated independently thereof, and a check valve in the auxiliary piston.

4. In a two-cycle internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston having an outwardly projecting valve sleeve embracing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and valve sleeve being provided with registering inlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliary piston working in the main piston, and an outwardly opening check valve in the auxiliary pisten.

5. In a two-cycle internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston having an outwardly projecting valve sleeve embracing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and valve.

sleeve being provided with registering inlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliary piston 'work- I ing in the main piston, and an outwardly opening spring seated check valve inthe auxiliary piston.'

6. In a'two-cycle internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the 0 an outwardly-projecting valve sleeve em bracing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and valve sleeve being provided with regis'teringinlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliary piston workingin the main piston, a check valve there in, and a cam on the crank shaft for actuating the auxiliary iston.

7. In a two-cyc e internal combustion m0- tor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston havin an outwardly projecting valve sleeve em racing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and -.valve sleeve being provided with registering inlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliarypiston working in the main piston, a check valve there in, and cam and spring mechanism controlled by the crank shaft for actuating the auxiliary piston.

8. In a. two-cycle internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston having an outwardly projecting valve sleeve embracing said cylindrical extension the cylinder and valve sleeve being provi ed with registering inlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliary piston working in the main piston, a stem for the auxiliary piston passing through the main piston, and means on the crank shaft for actuating said stem.

9. In a two-cycle internal combustion motor, acylinder, a cylinder head having a oylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston having an outwardly projecting valve sleeve embracing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and valve sleeve being provided with registering inlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliary piston working in the main iston, a stem therefor passing through t e main piston, a cross head connected to said stem, guides in the crank case on which the cross head slides,

' and a cam on the crank shaft for actuating said cross head.

10. In a two -cycle internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylinder head having a cylindrical extension projecting down into the cylinder, a piston having an outwardly projecting valve sleeve embracing said cylindrical extension, the cylinder and valve sleeve being provided with registering inlet and exhaust ports, an auxiliary piston working in the main piston, a stem therefor passing through the main piston, a spring pressed cross head connected to said stem, guides in the crank case on which the cross head slides, and a cam on the crank shaft for actuating said cross head.

'In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JASPER F. GULLIN. Witnesses:

GRANT 'll. DAVIS, FRANK I. HARD. 

